Ukugcinwa nokugcinwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi

1. Ukugqwala okujwayelekile kanye nokuvikela ukubola
Ngokuvamile, isakhiwo sensimbi siyiminyaka engu-5O-70 ekuklanyeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi.Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo sensimbi, amathuba okulimala ngenxa yomthwalo omkhulu mancane.Iningi lomonakalo wesakhiwo sensimbi ubangelwa ukuncishiswa kwemishini yesakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo ezibangelwa ukugqwala.“I-Snueling of Steel Structure Design” inezidingo ezithile zokunqanda ukubola kwesakhiwo sensimbi osekusetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesakhiwo sensimbi ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sensimbi.Ngokuvamile, isakhiwo sensimbi sithatha iminyaka engu-3 ukugcina ukugcinwa (ukuhlanza uthuli esakhiweni sensimbi, ukugqwala, nokunye ukungcola ngaphambi kokuxubha i-coating).Izinhlobonhlobo kanye nokucaciswa kopende kufanele kufane nezingubo zokugqoka zangempela, ngaphandle kwalokho ukugqoka okubili ngeke kuhambisane kuzoletha umonakalo omkhulu, futhi abasebenzisi kufanele bagcinwe kahle futhi bagcinwe ngendlela ehleliwe.
Ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwesakhiwo sensimbi: Esikhathini sakamuva sokulungiswa nokugcinwa, indlela yokuvikela ukunamathela okungeyona eyensimbi isetshenziswa kakhulu.Ivikelwe ngezingubo kanye nepulasitiki ebusweni bengxenye, ukuze ingaxhumani nemithombo yezindaba egqwalayo ukuze ifinyelele inhloso ye-anticorrosion.Le ndlela inemiphumela emihle, amanani aphansi, nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokumboza.Itholakala kuhlu olubanzi lokukhetha, ukusebenza okuqinile, kanye nemikhawulo yokuma nosayizi wengxenye.Ingxenye ihoxisiwe futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.Ungakwazi futhi ukunikeza izingxenye ukubukeka okuhle.

2. Ukuvikelwa njalo kokwelashwa komlilo
Ukumelana nezinga lokushisa kwensimbi kubi, futhi izakhiwo eziningi ziyashintsha ngokushisa.Lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-430-540 ° C, iphuzu lokukhiqiza, amandla aqinile kanye ne-elastic modulus yensimbi izokwehla kakhulu futhi ilahlekelwe amandla okuthwala.Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinto eziphikisayo ukuze kugcinwe isakhiwo sensimbi.Ayizange iphathwe ngaphambili ngezingubo ezingashi noma ngopende ongashi.Umthamo we-refractory wesakhiwo uncike ekuphikisweni komlilo kwengxenye yokwakha.Lapho umlilo uvela, umthamo wawo wokuthwala kufanele ukwazi ukuqhubeka isikhathi esithile, ukuze abantu bakwazi ukuphuma ngokuphepha, izinto zokuhlenga futhi bacime umlilo.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela umlilo yilezi: ngakho-ke ingxenye yensimbi eveziwe exubha izigqoko zokuvimbela umlilo, izidingo ezithile yilezi: isikhathi sokuphikisa sensimbi yensimbi ngu-1.5h, futhi isikhathi sokuphikisa sekholomu yensimbi ngu-2.5h, okwenza ihlangabezane nezidingo. yemininingwane yezakhiwo.

3. Ukuqapha nokugcinwa kwe-deformation njalo
Ukubhujiswa kokugqwala kwesakhiwo sensimbi engxenyeni akubonakali nje njengokuncipha kwesigaba esisebenzayo sengxenye, kodwa futhi "umgodi wokugqwala" owenziwe yingxenye yengxenye.Okwangaphambili kunciphise umthamo wokulayisha wengxenye, okubangele ukuthi umthamo wokuthwala usuwonke wesakhiwo sensimbi wehle, futhi ukwakheka kwensimbi enezindonga ezincane nensimbi elula kwakubucayi kakhulu.Lesi sakamuva sidala "i-stress concentration" yesakhiwo sensimbi.Lapho isakhiwo sensimbi singase senzeke, isakhiwo sensimbi singase senzeke ngokuzumayo.Azikho izimpawu zokuguquguquka lapho kwenzeka lesi simo, futhi akulula ukukubona nokuvimbela kusenesikhathi.Kuze kube manje, ukucindezeleka, ukuguqulwa kanye nokuqapha kwezakhiwo zensimbi kanye nezingxenye ezinkulu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuqapha ukuguqulwa: Uma isakhiwo sensimbi singu-deformation ngokweqile ngesikhathi sesiteji sokusetshenziswa, sibonisa ukuthi umthamo wokuthwala noma ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sensimbi ngeke usakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa.Ngalesi sikhathi, umnikazi kufanele afakwe ngokwanele ukuze ahlele ngokushesha abantu abafanelekile embonini ukuze bahlaziye imbangela yokuguqulwa.Uhlelo lokuphatha luhlongozwa futhi lusetshenziswe ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjwe umonakalo omkhulu kubunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi.

4. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokugcinwa kwezinye izifo
Lapho wenza ukuphathwa kwansuku zonke nokugcinwa kobunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi, ngaphezu kokunaka ukuhlolwa kwesifo sokugqwala, kufanele futhi unake izici ezilandelayo:
(1) Ukuthi ukuxhunywa kwama-welds, amabhawodi, ama-rivets, njll. kwenzeka yini ekuxhumekeni kokuqhekeka, ukuxega, nokuphuka okufana nokuqhekeka.
(2) Ukuthi izakhi ezifana nesigxobo ngasinye, isisu, ibhodi lokuxhuma, njll. zine-deformation yendawo kakhulu futhi noma ngabe ukhona yini umonakalo.
(3) Ukuthi ngabe konke ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo akujwayelekile yini nokuthi kukhona yini uhla olujwayelekile lokuwohloka.
Ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa kokuphathwa kwansuku zonke: Ukuze uthole ngesikhathi esifanele izifo ezibalulwe ngenhla kanye nezimo ezingavamile futhi ugweme imiphumela emibi, umnikazi kufanele enze ukuhlola okuvamile kwesakhiwo sensimbi njalo.Ngenkathi ubamba ukuthuthukiswa kanye nezinguquko zayo, imbangela yokwakheka kwesifo kanye nezimo ezingavamile kufanele kutholakale.Uma kunesidingo, ngokuhlaziywa okulungile kwethiyori, kutholakala kumthelela wamandla, ukuqina, nokuzinza kwesakhiwo sensimbi.